La conducción de calor es un mecanismo de transferencia de energía térmica entre dos sistemas basado en el contacto directo de sus partículas sin flujo neto de materia y que tiende a igualar latemperatura dentro de un cuerpo o entre diferentes cuerpos en contacto por medio de transferencia de energía cinética de las partículas.
El principal parámetro dependiente del material que regula la conducción de calor en los materiales es la conductividad térmica, una propiedad física que mide la capacidad de conducción de calor o capacidad de una substancia de transferir el movimiento cinético de sus moléculas a sus propias moléculas adyacentes o a otras substancias con las que está en contacto. La inversa de la conductividad térmica es la resistividad térmica, que es la capacidad de los materiales para oponerse al paso del calor.
LEY DE FOURIER
Los mecanismos de transferencia de energía térmica son de tres tipos:
La transferencia de energía térmica o calor entre dos cuerpos diferentes por conducción o convección requiere el contacto directo de las moléculas de diferentes cuerpos, y se diferencian en que en la primera no hay movimiento macroscópico de materia mientras que en la segunda sí lo hay. Para la materia ordinaria la conducción y la convección son los mecanismos principales en la "materia fría", ya que la transferencia de energía térmica por radiación sólo representa una parte minúscula de la energía transferida. La transferencia de energía por radiación aumenta con la cuarta potencia de la temperatura (T4), siendo sólo una parte importante a partir de temperaturas superiores a varios miles de kelvin.
Es la forma de transmitir el calor en cuerpos sólidos; se calienta un cuerpo, las moléculas que reciben directamente el calor aumentan su vibración y chocan con las que las rodean; estas a su vez hacen lo mismo con sus vecinas hasta que todas las moléculas del cuerpo se agitan, por esta razón, si el extremo de una varilla metálica se calienta con una flama, transcurre cierto tiempo hasta que el calor llega al otro extremo. El calor no se transmite con la misma facilidad por todos los cuerpos. Existen los denominados "buenos conductores del calor", que son aquellos materiales que permiten el paso del calor a través de ellos. Los "malos conductores o aislantes" son los que oponen mucha resistencia al paso de calor.
Heat conduction is a mechanism of heat transfer between two systems based on direct contact of particles without net flow of matter and that tends to equalize latemperaturawithin a body or between different bodies in contact by means of energy transfer kineticsof the particles.
The main parameter dependent regulating material in the heat conduction is the thermal conductivity material, a physical property measuring the heat conduction capacity or ability of a substance to transfer the kinetic motion of the molecules at or adjacent its own molecules other substances with which it is in contact. The inverse of thermal conductivity is the thermal resistivity, which is the ability of materials to oppose the passage of heat.
The main parameter dependent regulating material in the heat conduction is the thermal conductivity material, a physical property measuring the heat conduction capacity or ability of a substance to transfer the kinetic motion of the molecules at or adjacent its own molecules other substances with which it is in contact. The inverse of thermal conductivity is the thermal resistivity, which is the ability of materials to oppose the passage of heat.
FOURIER LAW
The mechanisms of heat transfer are of three types:
driving
thermal convection
thermal radiation
The transfer of thermal energy or heat between two different bodies by conduction or convection requires direct contact of molecules of different bodies, and they differ inthat the first no macroscopic motion of matter while the second one there. For ordinary matter conduction and convection are the main mechanisms in the "cold matter", since the transfer of heat by radiation represents only a tiny part of the energy transferred.Energy transfer by radiation increases with the fourth power of temperature (T4), with only an important part from temperatures above several thousand kelvin.
It is the way to transmit the heat in solid bodies, a body is heated, the molecules that directly receive heat increase your vibration and collide with those around them, and these in turn do the same with its neighbors until all the molecules body are agitated, for this reason, if the end of a metal rod is heated with a flame takes some time until the heat reaches the other end. The heat is not transmitted as easily by all bodies. There are so-called "good heat conductors," which are those materials which allow passageof heat through them. The "poor conductors or insulators" are those who oppose much resistance to the passage of heat.
The mechanisms of heat transfer are of three types:
driving
thermal convection
thermal radiation
The transfer of thermal energy or heat between two different bodies by conduction or convection requires direct contact of molecules of different bodies, and they differ inthat the first no macroscopic motion of matter while the second one there. For ordinary matter conduction and convection are the main mechanisms in the "cold matter", since the transfer of heat by radiation represents only a tiny part of the energy transferred.Energy transfer by radiation increases with the fourth power of temperature (T4), with only an important part from temperatures above several thousand kelvin.
It is the way to transmit the heat in solid bodies, a body is heated, the molecules that directly receive heat increase your vibration and collide with those around them, and these in turn do the same with its neighbors until all the molecules body are agitated, for this reason, if the end of a metal rod is heated with a flame takes some time until the heat reaches the other end. The heat is not transmitted as easily by all bodies. There are so-called "good heat conductors," which are those materials which allow passageof heat through them. The "poor conductors or insulators" are those who oppose much resistance to the passage of heat.
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